Understanding Jaundice in Newborns

Learn about jaundice levels in newborns, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Find out how to care for your baby with jaundice effectively.

Jaundice is a common condition in newborns, affecting nearly 60% of full-term babies and even more premature infants. It is characterized by a yellowish tint to the skin and eyes due to excess bilirubin in the blood. While mild jaundice often resolves on its own, understanding jaundice levels in newborns is essential to ensure timely medical attention if needed.

What Causes Jaundice in Newborns? Jaundice occurs when a baby’s liver is not yet fully developed to process bilirubin efficiently. The common causes include:
 

• Physiological Jaundice: A natural occurrence in most newborns, appearing between days 2-4 and resolving within two weeks.
• Breastfeeding Jaundice: Caused by insufficient breast milk intake, leading to dehydration and slowed bilirubin elimination.
• Breast Milk Jaundice: Certain components in breast milk can affect bilirubin breakdown, typically appearing after the first week and lasting longer.
• Blood Type Incompatibility: If the mother and baby have different blood types, the baby’s immune system may break down red blood cells more rapidly, increasing bilirubin levels.
• Premature Birth: Premature babies have an underdeveloped liver, making them more prone to jaundice.

Jaundice Levels in Newborns: When to Be Concerned. Healthcare providers measure jaundice levels in newborns using a bilirubin test. The severity of jaundice is determined based on the bilirubin level in mg/dL:
 

• Mild (Below 12 mg/dL): Usually resolves without treatment.
• Moderate (12-20 mg/dL): May require phototherapy.
• Severe (Above 20 mg/dL): Can lead to complications and needs immediate medical intervention.

Symptoms of Jaundice in Newborns

Parents should look out for signs such as:
 

• Yellowing of the skin, starting from the face and spreading to the body
• Yellowish tint in the whites of the eyes
• Difficulty feeding or lethargy
• Dark-colored urine and pale stools

Treatment for Jaundice in Newborns

Most cases of mild jaundice do not require medical treatment. However, for moderate to severe cases, doctors may recommend:

• Phototherapy: A special light that helps break down bilirubin.
• Increased Feeding: Encouraging more frequent breastfeeding or formula feeding to help flush bilirubin out.
• Exchange Transfusion: In rare, severe cases, the baby’s blood may need to be replaced.

Caring for a Baby with Jaundice at Home

 

• Ensure frequent feedings (8-12 times daily for breastfed babies)
• Monitor jaundice levels and symptoms
• Sunlight exposure (under supervision) to aid bilirubin breakdown
• Follow up with a doctor if symptoms persist or worsen

While jaundice in newborns is common and often harmless, monitoring jaundice levels in newborns is essential for ensuring your baby’s health. If you have concerns about your newborn’s jaundice, consult a pediatrician for guidance and proper care.