Understanding Bilirubin Levels in Newborns

Learn about bilirubin levels in newborns, how it relate to jaundice in babies, and more. Parents can find many useful information on caring for newborns with Molfix.

What Are Bilirubin Levels in Newborns?

Bilirubin is a yellowish substance produced when red blood cells break down. In newborns, bilirubin levels tend to be higher than in adults due to the natural breakdown of fetal red blood cells. When bilirubin levels become too high, it can lead to neonatal jaundice, a condition that causes yellowing of the skin and eyes.
 

How Bilirubin Levels in Newborns Relate to Jaundice

Jaundice occurs when bilirubin builds up in the bloodstream and is not efficiently processed by the liver. Since newborns have immature livers, they may struggle to remove bilirubin quickly, leading to visible yellowing of the skin and eyes. This condition is known as neonatal jaundice and is common in the first few days of life. In most cases, jaundice is mild and resolves as the baby’s liver matures. However, if bilirubin levels become excessively high, it can pose serious health risks, including potential brain damage (kernicterus) if left untreated.

Find out more on Understanding Jaundice here.
 

Potential Complications of High Bilirubin Levels

While mild jaundice is usually harmless, extremely high bilirubin levels in newborns can lead to severe complications such as:

• Kernicterus: A rare but serious condition where excess bilirubin enters the brain and causes neurological damage. It can lead to developmental delays, hearing loss, and movement disorders.
• Bilirubin Encephalopathy: A condition where toxic levels of bilirubin affect the central nervous system, potentially leading to long-term cognitive and motor impairments.

 

When to See A Doctor

Parents should seek medical advice if:

• Jaundice appears within the first 24 hours of birth
• The yellowing spreads to the arms and legs
• The baby has difficulty feeding or refuses to nurse
• The baby is excessively sleepy or unresponsive
• The baby exhibits unusual muscle stiffness or limpness
• Jaundice lasts beyond two weeks

Bilirubin levels in newborns are a common concern for many parents. While mild jaundice is usually harmless and resolves on its own, understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for ensuring a baby’s well-being. Parents should closely monitor their newborns and consult a pediatrician if they notice signs of worsening jaundice. Early detection and treatment can prevent complications and promote a healthy start to life.